Which factor increases the risk of HbS polymerization?

The risk of HbS polymerization is significantly influenced by a variety of factors, one of which is dehydration. Dehydration leads to a decrease in plasma volume, concentrating the sickle hemoglobin (HbS) and increasing the likelihood of HbS molecules interacting and polymerizing, resulting in sickle cell formation.

Alkaline pH is another crucial factor, as it can favor the deoxygenated state of hemoglobin, promoting the conditions under which HbS does not remain soluble. In an alkaline environment, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increases, which in turn leads to less oxygen being available to keep HbS in a soluble form, promoting polymerization.

Moreover, increased levels of 2,3-DPG can also enhance the risk of HbS polymerization. Elevated 2,3-DPG levels shift the oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin to the right, promoting the release of oxygen from hemoglobin. This leads to more hemoglobin being in a deoxygenated state, which is more prone to polymerization.

Given that all these conditions can promote HbS polymerization, the answer encapsulates the collective influence of dehydration, alkaline pH, and elevated levels of 2,3-DPG on the risk of sick